Gas-producer.



H P. WALLMANN. GAS PRODUCER. APPLICATION lFILED JULYZO, 1908.

ITN ESSES:

MQ/@ M UNITED srnfrns rnfnuNfrl ormon- HENNING FRIEDRICH WALLMANN, F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF OE-HALF TO ADELI-IEID-WALLMANN, WILHELM ROGER WALLMANN, .AND HENNING HEINRICH WAYLLMANN, VALL 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

GAS-PRODUCER.

To all 'whom 'it m 143/ concern: l

Be it known that I, HnNNiNG FRrEDRiCH WALLMANN, acitizen of the United States,

residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook vand State of Illinois, have invented a new, useful, and Improved Gas-Producer. of

which thev following is a full, clear, and eX- act description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specilieation, in which similar letters and numerals of reference in the differe''it [igures indicate like parts.

My inyention relates to gas producers and more particularly to a type of gas producer in 4which hydrocarbonaceous fuel, such as bituminous coal, lignite, peat, wood, straw, cornstalks, etc., is gasiiied in three stages, consisting. first. in imperfectly and ,pri-

. maiiily distilling the freshly supplied fuel by conduction and convection of heat.v preferably of beat from hot gaseous products generated b v partial combustion of carbon in the second and third stage of the gasifying process. and, preferably` by means of superheated steam; second, iu oxidizing part ofthe carbon of the resulting residue of imperfect, primary distillation by Va first supply of free oxygen; in perfectly and secondarily distilling said residue by means of the resulting heat; and in `converting 'also by means of this heat condensable distillates generated by this seconda ry distillation, into permanent, fixed gas; and third, in oxidizing the remaining carbon or coke by a seoond supply of free oxygen to carbonmo novid; in converting by means of the resultinni heat condensable distillates, generated by primi. y, imperfect distillation of freshly supplied fuel, into pern'ianent, fixed and in disassociating also by means of this heat steam into its chemical elements. hydrogen and oxygen, of which the latter enga ges with cai-bou to carbon-monoxid; and the object of my improvements is to simplify the construction of au apparatus which is adapted for continuous process of gasifying hydrocarbonaceous fue] in the said threestages and which may be constructed as well in comparatively small dimensions as in larger dimensions fit for the Vproduction of the great-est quantities of gas manufactured.

The construction of the apparatus is based on the/experience that in order to penetrate a quantity et fuelabv heat, and preferably Specification of Letters Patent,

by steam for its distillation and by air for its partial combustion, it is of great advantage to put the fuel into comparatively narrow conduits into which and through which the fuel is preferably transported for and during its gasifying process respectively with the assistance of mechanical means.

If a quantity of bituminous coal is heated, bakes, clogs, increases in volume and considerably impedes a penetration by air, steam and also by vapors and distillates generated in its interior However there is this difference: it consumes power of a motor to force air through baking coal, whereas heat, evaporating water and volatile constituents of coal, simultaneously may also create the pressure required for the steam, vapors and distillates to penetrate the residue of coal from which these vapors and distillates are separated. As the presence of super-heated steam greatly facilitates the evaporation of volatile constituents of fuel, a considerable portion of these constituents may within a short time be separated from the residue .which thereby becomes porous and new may easily be penetrated by a. cur-l tion and converts also the condensable disltillates of this secondary distillation into permanent gases, whereas the condensable distillates of the primary distillation are destroyed by heat generated by a second current of air passing through and burning residue of secondary distillation to carbonmonoxid, simultaneously disas'sociating the steam used for the primary distillation into its chemical elements, thereby generating hydrogen and carbon-monoxid.

In order to facilitate the promotion of the described process, I change the usual form of the ground-plan of gas producers which usual form is circular, into an oblong ground-plan which according to the amount of fuel that is to be gasified during a certain period, mav be several times long as it is vvwide. and I adapt the rest of the construe- Patented J an. 19, 1915. Application filed. July 20, 11908. Serial No. 444,517.

' are also modified according to the nature of rso the special fuel used.

In the drawings: Figure 1 shows a vertical eross-seetion illustrating the general principle of my gas-producer. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section at right angles to Fig. 1, parts being broken ofi". Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section at reduced scale of the lower part of a modified gas-producer.

P is the producer shaft, D the distillation conduit and M a magazine for fuel.

In the case that no steam is introduced into the distillation conduit- D and used for distilling the fuel, the construction of the gas producer may be symmetrical on both sides of the -vertical center line of Fig. 1. For the sake of greater clearness the right side of Fig. l represents a section through a canal 20 leading the generated hot gases from the producer shaft P toward the distillation conduit D for heating the fuel therein, whereas the left side of Fig. 1 represents a section through a canal 25 4leading distillates from the distillation conduit D into the lower part of the producer shaft P. From Fig. 2 it will be observed that between every two canals 20, used for the transport of hot gases, a canal 25a is arranged which may be usedfor the transport of distillates through the canal 26 and its distributing holes 28 into the lower part of the producer shaft P on the right side of Fig. 1, just in the same way as the canal 25 is employed on the left side of Fig. 1. But the upper parts of these canals 25 on the right side of Fig. 1 may preferably, in conjunction with the steam supply pipe 36, the distributing tubes 37 and the distributing holes 24:, be employed for introducing steam, preferably superheated steam into the distillation conduit In this case the lower part of the canals 25Hand the canal 26 with its distributing holes 28 may be left out as is indicated in .Fig. 3.

The fire-proof lined producer' shaft P in Figs. l and 2, is provided with a grate 11 and with suitable ports for the removal of the ashes and clinkers. Air may be introduced into the lower part of the producer shaft P through the pipe 12, the ash pit and grate 11. Air may also be introduced into the upperv part of the producer shaft P' through the pipe 13, the parallel canals` 14' and 15 and the air inlets 16. The generated gas is withdrawn through the gas outlets 17 entering into the parallel canals 18 and 19 from where the gas may flow through canals 20 toward the, distillation conduit D having metal Walls and being situated on top of the producer shaft P. The gas, after imparting its sensible heat through the metal-walls o f the distillation conduit D to the fuel contained therein. flows into parallel canals 21 and 22 and from there into the gas discharge pipe 23. The distillates evaporated within the distillation conduit D enter through perfoi-ations 24 and eventually 24"- into canals 25 and 25a respectively and from there into parallel canals 27 vand 26 respectively, communicating through inlets for distillates 28 with the 'lower part of the producer shaft P. Said inlets for distillates 28 lead preferabl) into the fuel bed of the 11p-draft combustion-zone within the producer shaftl P and are preferably located below the gas outlets 17 and above a lower air-inlet or abovelower air-inlets, it being assumed in the drawing that the lower air-inlets into the fuel-bed of the producer shaft P are formed by the interstices between the grate-bars of the grate l1. The distance between the inlets for distillates 28 and the lower air-inlets (between the grate-bars) may be so great that the free oxygen of the entering air is combined with carbon in proximity to the grate l1 andis thus prevented from coming in its free state into contact with distillates entering from the inlets 28, andjfromeonsuming hydrogen contained in these distillates. It will be remembered that if hydro-carbons come into contact under proper temperature with a limited amount of air, the hydrogen contained in the hydro-carbons burns first in preference of the carbon which may become disengaged in the form of smoke.. soot or lamp black., In order to produce from hy dro-carbonaceous fuel a gas of greatest possible heat-value, the hydrogen contained in the hydro-carbon of the fuel should not be consumed, but, if a tarless gas is required.

`with the condeusable distillates converted into permanent, fixer, gases, these Adistillates should be heated and thereby decomposed' in the absence of free oxygen 'and only tosuch degree as is unavoidable for producing a certain quality of gas. Carbon-dioxid or carbon-monoxid resulting from the combustion of carbon by air, do not consume hydrogen, butcarbon-dioxid may combine to carbon-monoxid with carbon disengaged from heated condensable hydro-carbons in converting the latter into a permanent, fixed gas. By distilling hydroscarbonaceou's fuel in the absence of-free oxygen, by .burning the resulting coke or charcoal, by mixing the resulting hotY products of combustion with the generated distillates and a regulated amount of steam under a thereby regulated temperature, and by transferring the sensible or perceptible heat of the finally, resulting gas-mixture gradually by conduction to the freshlv supplied hvdro-carbon`aumus fuel 'under distillation and eventually to the required water and air, 'a 'tarless gas of maximum heat-value will be generated from a specific kind of hvdro-carbonaceous fuel. The arrangement illustrated produces thus a tarless gas of much higher heat-value from a certain kind of fuel than can be generated with a combustion by air of generated flismesma 'tiiilates or of hydrogen contained in thehy drocarbons thereof, as is done in numerous existing gas producers. Non-conductors of vheat may protect the canals 20, 25 and 25"* against considerable loss of heat by conduction and radiation.

' A The fuel is introduced through hopper-s crease the tendency of the coal to gradually move down tothe grate 1l. The reciprocatingY motion rof 'the mechanical pushers 30,'

-30, may be effected in any well known suitable Way either intermittently and by hand-power or continuously by the power 'of an engine or motor. The distillates entering through the inlets 28 also protect the fire-proof lining of the lower part of the producer shaft P againsttoo. great heat.

In case that there is an opportunity for manufacturing lvaluable tar products and ammonia from the distillates of primary distillation, or in the case that a mixture of these distillates with steaml is to be used for manufacturing a Water gas of high heat value, these distillates or their mixture with steam may be ,withdrawn through tubes 38 and a collecting pipe 89 in any suitable 'way order to startthe operation, a fire is kindled on the grate 11 or on top of the drum I 33, and a moderate air draft is produced in-any suitable way. As soon as the fire is sufficiently developed, the air current may be reinforced by sucking 'the products of combustion by means of a ,fanor ventilator, as is in common use in gas producers), out f the pipe 23 and by discharging the rsame into Vthe atmosphere. The producer shaft and'- preferably the 'lower part of the distillation conduit D are then illed `with coke `or anthracite co'aliand `the rest oi.' 'the dis-- tillation conduit Dl andn the magazine `M with bituminous c oal, whereupon gas will be' generated as soon as the whole mass of fuel within theproducer'shaftand in the distillation lconduit is sufficiently "hot Steam may then be raised in anysuitable 'Way and be either mixed with the air which is used for the combustion, or preferably may be introduced into the distillation conduit. The gas may then be cleaned in scrubber-s and be stored in gas holders as is usual in 'gas producers.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. fin a gas producer, a 'down-.draft gas generating eh amber surrounded by a wall of refractory material, an air-inlet into the upa per part of said chamber, a gas outlet from said chamber `and below said air inlet, a conduit partly inclosed by a metal wall and located anterior of said chamber, an inlet 30 for solid fuel into said conduit, an outlet for heated solid fuel from said conduit past said air inlet into said chamber, a gas dis.- charge canal from said gas outlet and eX- tending past said conduit, and said metal 35 wall constructed to keep apart fromy each other but dto be in contactwith gas in said canal and solid fuel in, said conduit for transferring heat from said gas to said fuel.

In a gas producer, aproducer shaft, an upper and a lower air-inlet into and an intermediate gas outlet out of said producer shaft, av distillation conduit anterior `of said producer shaft, an inletfor'solid fuel into said conduit, an outlet for residue of distillation from said conduitpast said airl inlet into said producer shaft, means for heating said conduit and fuel therein, a separate outlet for distillates from said conduit,l

anv inlet for distillates into said producer 10a` shaft and located between said upper and said lower air-inlet, a. canal connecting said outlet `for distillatcs and said inlet for the same, and a -wall above said inlet for distillates and constructed so as to prevent said distillates coming in contact with and bein-g consumed by a consequential amount of free oxygen from tbe atmosphere in their passing from. said inlet for distillates through the fuel-bed in said producer shaft '110 toward said. gas outlet.

3. ln a gas producer, a. combustion chamber, a distillation conduit, an inner and an outer metal wall connected one to the other` and partly inclosing said conduit, two compartments between said walls, a partition .separating the said two-,compartments from each other, an inlet for leading, hot gases from thel said chamber into one of said two compartments, and an aperture inthe said 12o inner wall and connecting the said conduit tothe other of the said two compartments.

ln a gasproducer, a distillation conduit with pefora ted side wall for distilling fuel, a combustion chamber', a canal with 'wall 125 partly integral 'with saidside wall for heat ing fuel in said conduit and for discharging gaseous products from said ieha'rnber,` aea-.nalfo'r leadingA steam through said pery ferrate@ side wall into said Conduit, and a 13e canal for discharging a mixture of steam and distillates from said conduit. y

In a gas producer, a distillation conduit with perforated walls for distilling fuel, a combustion chamber, canals with walls partlyr integral with said perforated walls for heating fuel in said conduit and for discharging gaseous products from said chamber, a plurality of canals for leading steam through said perforated walls into said conduit, and a canal for discharging a mixture of steam and distillates from said conduit.

6. In a gas producer, a down-draft combustion chamber, an air-inlet into the upper part of said chamber, a plurality of gasoutlets from the lower part of' said chamber and below said air-iulet, a distillation conduit anterior of'said chamber and provided with an inlet for solid fuel and constructed to supply such fuel toward and into the upper part of said chamber and past said airinlet, and a plurality of gas discharge canals from said gas outlets and extending past said conduit and each partly inclosed by a heat conducting wall constructed to be in contact ou one of two opposite sides thereof with hot gaseous contents;y discharged through one of said outlets and on conduit, but to keep separate said gaseous contents from said fuel.

7. In a gas producer, a producer shaft comprising a down-draft combustion chamber, an air-inlet into the upper part of said chamber. la plurality of gas-outlets from the lower part of said chamber and below said air-inlet, a distillation conduit anterior of said chamber and provided with an in- .let for solid fuel and constructed to supply such fuel toward and into the upper part of said chamber' and past said air-inlet, a plurality of gas discharge canals from said gas outlets and extendlng past said conduit and each partly inclosed by a heat conducting wall constructed to be in Contact on one of two opposite sides thereof with hot gaseous contents discharged through one of said outlets and on the other of said sides .with solid fuel in said conduit, .but to keep separate said aseousvcontents from said fuel, an inlet or distillates into said producer shaft, and a canal for distillates communicating through a perforated wall with said conduit and through said inlet for 'distillates with said producer-shaft.

8. In a gas producer, a down-draft combustion chamber, an air-inlet into the upper )art of said chamber, a plurality of gas outlets from said chamber and below said airinlet, a distillation conduit anterior of said chamber and provided with an inlet for solid fuel* and constructed to supply such fuel toward and into the upper part of said t5 chamber, an inlet for Huid not containing a plurality of y the other of said sides with solid fuel in said' a consequential amount of free oxygen into said conduit,and a plurality of gas discharge-canals from said gas outlets and eX- tending past said conduit and each partly inclosed by a heat conducting wall constructed to be in contact on one of two opposite sides thereof with hot gaseous c0n tents discharged through one vof said out lets and on the other of said sides with solid fuel in said conduit, but to keep separate said gaseous contents from said fuel.

9. In a gas-producer, a distillation-conduit, two perforated walls on opposite sides of the said distillation-conduit, two canals in communication through the said perforated walls with the said distillation-con duit and through this conduit with each other, one of the said two canals for leading a hot fluid not`containing a consequential quantity of free oxygen through one of the said two perforatedwalls into the said distillation-conduit, and the other of the said two Vcanals for discharging the said fluid mixed with distillates from the other of the said two perforated walls.

l0. In a gas producer, a producershaft comprising a down-draft combustion chamber, an a ir-inlet into the'upper partof said chamber, a plurality of gas outlets from said chamber, and below said air-inlet, a distillation conduit anterior of said chamber and providedl with an inlet for solid fuel and constructed to supply such fuel toward and into the upper part of said chamber, an inlet for fluid not containing a consequena plurality of gas discharge canals from said gas outlets and extending past said conduit and each partly inclosed by a 'heat conducting wall constructed'to be in contact on one of two opposite sides thereof with hot gas-- vous contents discharged `through one of said outlets and on the other of said sides with solid fuel in said conduit, but to keep separate said gaseous contents from said fuel., an inlet for distillates into said producer-shaft, and a canal for distillates communicating through aperforated wall with said conduitY and through said inlet for disti llates with said producershaft.

ll. In a gas producer, a distillation conduit with perforated walls for distilling fuel, a combustion chamber, a canal with wall partly integral with one of said perforated walls for heating fuel in said conduit and for discharging gaseous products from said chamber, a canal for-.leading a fluid not containing a consequential amount of free oxygen through one of said perforated walls into said conduit, and a canal for discharging a mixture of said Huid and dis tillates through another of said perforated walls from said conduits.

12. In a gas producer, a producershaft, a lower and an upper air-inlet' into and a.

Y tial amount of free oxygeninto said conduit, I

llo

plurality of intermediate gas outlets out of said'producershaft, a distillation conduit provided with an inlet for solid fuel and constructed to supplysuch fou l toward and into tlieupper part of said producershaft eous contents discharged through one of 'said outlets and on the other of said sides with solid fuel in said conduit, but to keep separate said gaseous contents from said fuel. 13. In a gas producer, an oblong producer I shaft with two opposite long and two (Ail-ppesite short side walls, an oblong distillation conduit 0n top of the said producer shaft and of correspondinel shape for supplying .residue of distillation to the same, a perfo- K ing with said heating' chamber, an air supply for consuming saidcombustible, and outlet for gaseous products of combustion from said heating.r chamber, a steam inlet into said steanrchanil'ier, astearn outlet from said steam-chamber into said conduit, and

.a heat conducting :wall between the two said chambers for transferring heat from said heating to said steam chamber. 15. In a gas producer, a combustion Icharnber, a distillation conduit, a double metal sidewall of said conduit, a plurality of heat.

ing` chambers within said double metal Wallv and each constructed tokeep its contents separatefrom the contents of any other of 'said chambers and to convey heat through a metal wall tofuel in saideonduit, and a plurality" of outlets for/gaseous productsA ber and each.Y

from said combustiongcha communicating with one oinsald heating chambers.

16.`In a gas producer, an oblong producer shaft with two opposite long and 'two opposite short side-walls, an oblong distillation conduit on top of the said producer shaft and of corresponding shape for sup plying residue of distillation to-the same, perforations in each of the two long Walls of the saidiconduitkmeans for heating the two long walls of the said conduit, and a plurality of Vcanals communicating through the said perforations with the said conduit.

wall constructed to be in contact on one of two opposite sides thereof with het gas- Y 17. In a gas-producer, a combustion-chamb er, a retort, a double wall on each of two opposite sides of the said retort, two `sets of compartments within the said double-Wall, one 4of the said two sets communicating with the said co1nbustion-chamber for transferring heat to the saidv retort, and the other of the said two sets communicating with the said retort.

18. In a gas-producer,acombustion-chamber, a retort, a double-sidewall of the said retort, two sets of compartments within the said double-side-i'vall, one of the said two` sets communicating with the said combustion-chamber for transferring heat to the said retort, and the other of the said two sets communicating with the said retort for deliveringthereinto a Huidv not containing 4 a substantial quantity of free oxygen.

'19. In a gas-producer, a combustion-chamber, a retort, a double-side--wall of the said retort, two sets of compartments within the said double-sidewall, one set communicating with the said combustion-chamber for transferring heat to the said retort, and the other set communicating with the said retort for discharging distillates therefrom.

20, In a gasproducer, a combustion-cham-- ber, a retort, two opposite .short side-Walls and two opposite long double side-walls surrounding the said retort, the interior of which in its two vertical cross-sections through the said two short side-walls' and through the said two long'doubleside-walls having substantially the shape of aereetangle and of. a trapeze respectively.

21. In a gas producer, an oblong retort for distilling solid fuel and having two opposite short and two Vopposite long sides in a horizontal cross-seetion,/an oblong heating chamber substantially parallel to one long side of the said retort and separated from the interior thereof by a substantially straight, lonjar metal wall, a substantially horizontal conduit for a fluid of moderate temperature past the greater part or the whole length of the producer and substantially .parallel to the said retort and partly inclosed by a part of the said long metal wall, means for supplying a heating agent into the said heating chamber, and anupper anda llower outlet for distillates fromV the opposite long side of the said retort.

22. In a gas producer, a down-draft combustion. chamber, an air-inlet into saidchalnber, .'1 plurality of gas outlets from said chamber and below said inlet, a distillation conduit anterior of said chamber but comgas dischargecanals within the wall of said rhs-initier and each extending past said conduit and partly inelosed by a heat conducting wall constructed to be in contact on ou of 'two opposite `sides vthereof with liotgaseous contents Edisch:treed` through onellg'aid numicating tl'lerewith, and a plurality of `outlets and on the other of said sides with solid fuel in said conduit, but to keep separate said gaseous contents from said fuel.

23. In a gas producer, a combustion chamber, a distillation conduit, two heating chambers each constructed to heat and to distil fuel in said conduit and to keep its gaseous contents separate from the gaseous contents ing chamber,

of the other of said heating chambers, a canal for the supply of a gaseous heating agent and located outside of said gas producer, a separate inlet into and a separate outlet out of each of said heating chambers, the inlet into one of said heating chambers communicating with said combustion chamber, and the inlet into the other of said heating chambers connected to said canal.

In a gas producer,

bers each constructed to keep its gaseous contents separate from the gaseous contents ofthe other of said heating chambers and to heat and distil fuel in said conduit, a separate inlet into and a separate outlet out of each of said heating chambers, and each said separate inlet operatively connected to said combustion chamber.

25. In a gas producer, a source of combustible gas, a distillation conduit, a rst heating chamber in communication with said source and extending past said conduit for heating fuel therein, a second heating chamber constructed to heat fuel in said conduit and to keep separate its contents from gaseous contents in said first heating chamber, an inlet for fluid from the outside of said gas-producer into said second heatand a perforated wall connecting said second heating chamberto said conduit.

26. In a gas producer, a down-draft gas generating chamber, an air-inlet communieating with the upper part of said chamber, a gas outlet from a lower part of said chamber, a distillation conduit anterior of said chamber and constructed to convey, heat and distil fuel and to deliver residue of distillation into said chamber, a metal wall of said conduit and constructed to surround fuel conveyed therein and to be in contact with the surrounded fuel by means of its inner surface, and means for leading hot gaseous products of combustion into contact with the outer surface of said Wall on oppoa combustion cham-y ber, a distillation conduit, two heating chaman upper and a lower air site sides of said conduit in contact with said inner opposite sides.

27. In a gas an upper and a intermediate gas for heating fuel surface on'said producer, a producer shaft, lower air inlet into and an outlet out of said producershaft, a distillation conduit anterior of said producershaft and constructed to deliver residue of distillation into the upper part thereof through an outlet for residue, means for heating said conduit and fuel therein, a separate outlet for distillates from said conduit, an inlet for distillates into said producer shaft and intermediate between said upper and said lower air inlet, a canal connccting said outlet for distillates to said inlet for same,rand a wall between said upper and said lower air inlet and constructed so as to prevent said distillates coming into contact with and being consumed by a consequential amount of free oxygen from the atmosphere during their passage from said inlet for distillates through the fuel bed in said producershaft toward said gas outlet.

28. In a gas producer, a producer shaft, inlet into and an intermediate gas outlet out of said producer shaft, a distillation conduit anterior of said producer shaft and constructed to deliver residue of distillation past an outlet for same into the upper part of said producershaft, means for heating said conduitand fuel therein, a plurality of-separate outlets for distillates from said conduit, a plurality of inlets for distillates into said producershaft and each intermediate between said upper and said lower air inlet, a pluralit;7 of canals each connecting one of said outlets for distillates to one of said inlets for same, and a wall between said upper and said lower air inlet and constructed so as to prevent said distillates coming into contact with and being consumed by a consequential amount of free oxygen from the atmosphere in passing from said inlets for distillates through the fuel bed in said producershaft- 4toward said gas-outlet.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HENNING FRIEDRICH WALLMANN. lVitnesses:

G. IrVALKER,

J. A. ADAMS. 

